H1N12009

Outbreaks of new flu strains in 2009

2010-08-31T23:19:00.000-07:00

Outbreaks of new flu strains in 2009 the global outbreak of type A influenza virus H 1 N 1 strains new Or generally called "swine flu" outbreak was started since April 2552 onwards, although the virus contains a combination of genes of human influenza virus in poultry and swine influenza virus with swine address. Sierra Red. One of the strange manner in which HIV is an N a rarely contact to elderly people aged over 60 years.

The new flu strain is found first in the state of Veracruz. Mexico And there is evidence that the disease outbreak has been a long time since the previous month will be officially certified. Although the Mexican government is trying to stop the outbreak by closing government buildings and many private and even. Infection outbreaks quickly, but also around the world. And on 11 June 2552 the World Health Organization and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has announced the level of the spread of infection. "Epidemic around.

Near the 2009 flu disease that you should know

2010-08-31T04:07:00.000-07:00

Situation of influenza in 2009, while this is still mutiny over the world. Many other countries can not control. The number of infections increasing every day. Although casualties may not be very serious and unlikely as Sa ×'s disease or avian flu in 2009, but it is spread from person to person easily.

2009 is a cold called a science that A/H1N1 avian pig breeding new Influenza infection, a new Never met before. Caused by genetic changes. The swine flu and avian influenza May be accessed in the pig as contagion Later in the pig cells are two types of virus attacks.

Genetic contamination between the unit division. Until the virus is a new breed. This normally will install directly from those who experience only pork. Without contacting consumption among albeit this virus from person to person contact through coughing, sneezing and touching of objects to share similar to the spread of ordinary flu.

How to prevent flu in 2009.

2010-08-24T04:31:00.000-07:00

Guidance for the general public.

1. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water. Or use alcohol gel to clean hands.

2. Do not use straw cup water spoon restaurant napkin towel handkerchief with others

3. Do not associate closely with patients with flu symptoms.

4. Maintain strong health. By eating a nutritious drink plenty of water for sufficient sleep. And exercise regularly.

5. Should be avoided in places where people are crowded and ventilation is not good for a long time unnecessarily.

6. Follow the instructions other Department of Health closely

Advice for cold or flu patients.

1. If there are no serious medical conditions such as high fever, not eating and has no absorption. Symptoms can be treated by self at home. No need to go to the hospital. Paracetamol should be used to reduce fever. (Do not use aspirin), sleeping enough. And drink plenty of water.

2. Temporary stop learning until they healed. And avoid close associate. Or objects with others.

3. Wear a mask when you need them with others. Handkerchief or tissue mouth and nose every time I sneeze.

4. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water. Or use alcohol gel to clean hands. Especially after coughing, sneezing.

5. If there is severe respiratory distress, such as breathlessness, vomiting, very tired absorption should see a doctor immediately.

Drugs and vaccines for new strains of the flu in 2009

2010-08-23T19:57:00.000-07:00

There are flu antiviral drugs, the two groups. 1. Adamantanes amantadine name and generic drugs are remantadine. 2. Drugs inhibit enzyme Common names include neuraminidase drug oseltamivir (mixture tablets) and zanamivir (drug inhalation spray).

Oseltamivir is sold in Thailand in its trade name Tamiflu, and Roche GPO-A-Flu's Government Pharmaceutical Organization zanamivir in the trade name Relenza drug company GlaxoSmithKline is the second type of new drugs to be used in hospitals. And prescribing by specialists only.

Typically, drugs are indicated for major for the treatment or prevent influenza (H3N2) and physicians can take oseltamivir and zanamivir used to treat or prevent avian flu (H5N1) and influenza strains of the new 2009 (H1N1) An. due to a virus strain similar.

Reports of resistance of influenza virus (H3N2), which makes the treatment ineffective, however, viruses from patients is a new flu strain in 2009 in the U.S. and Mexico. Also respond to oseltamivir and zanamivir are good (for work) but are resistant to the drugs amantadine and remantadine does not work, so the latter two drugs are not suitable to be used in the treatment Drug reduces the severity of the flu and reduce the duration of illness. In the case of treatment Drugs will be effective if the dose as soon as possible after symptoms of illness not exceeding 48 hours (two days) after I receive medication during this time may be the result of treatment is not good enough.

U.S. Center of Disease Control (CDC) has recommended oseltamivir and zanamivir for the prevention and treatment of new influenza strains in 2009 by the discretion of physicians. That decision based on clinical and epidemiological. Including evaluating the potential hazards of drug use compared to the benefits received.

Need to take medicine to prevent or not? Determine whether these drugs are prescribed to provide only Patients can not purchase your own use. The medication works to prevent about 70% to 90% in principle no need to exclude certain medicines to prevent such cases only.
1. People who are close to patients has been confirmed that the H1N1 flu strain on new And the people who are at high risk to severe complications if infected with influenza major chronic diseases, including some who are aged 65 years or more children under 5 years and pregnant women. The doctors will consider, as appropriate.
2. Medical personnel who are not properly protected during the close. Patients confirmed that infection. Or patients may be infected. (Wait for the laboratory confirmation) or patients suspected to be infected. (Who is returning from areas with outbreaks).

Ya need to keep on re jar? Drug therapy is the first in patients infected with influenza to attend. Treatment in hospital Patients at high risk for complications if infected with the flu. Subject to the discretion of physicians.

Influenza vaccine is currently available injections to prevent new strains of influenza in 2009 or not?
There are currently no vaccines to prevent new strains of influenza in 2009 directly in humans. Only swine flu vaccine used in pork, which can not only apply to people and no evidence that influenza vaccine in humans can be. Used to prevent a new flu strain in 2009 or not, because a vaccine produced by different strains.

And the influenza vaccine strains or the new 2009?
There are scientists in various countries to speed up vaccine research for New flu strain in 2009 due to new virus strains that have not had outbreaks before. This may take at least 5-6 months after infection as the cause of the outbreak in clear

กลับมาระบาดอีกครั้งกับไข้หวัด 2009

2010-08-23T05:02:00.000-07:00

แม้เวลาจะผ่านไปแล้ว 1 ปี แต่ไข้หวัด 2009 ก็ยังสามารถกลับมาระบาดใหม่อีกครั้งในปีนี้ ซึ่งตั้งแต่ 3-4 เดือนที่ผ่านมา ได้ตรวจพบผู้ที่เป็นไข้หวัด 2009 มาแล้วหลายหลาย ทั้งที่เป็นดารานักแสดง หรือประชาชนทั่วไป ดังนั้นหากท่านมีอาการที่คล้ายหรือบ่งบอกว่า ท่านอาจจะเป็น ไข้หวัด 2009 ท่านก็รีบควรเข้าไปพบแพทย์อย่างเร่งด่วน เพื่อความปลอดภัยของท่าน
แม้ปัจจุบันจะมีวัคซีนป้องกันไข้หวัด 2009 แล้วแต่ประชาชนส่วนใหญ่ก็ยังไม่ได้รับารฉีดวัคซีนไข้หวัด 2009 เนื่องมาจากประชาชนส่วนใหญ่คิดว่า ไข้หวัด 2009 นั้นได้เลิกระบาดในประเทศไทยไปแล้ว
ทางที่ดีที่สุด ท่านควรศึกษาถึงโรงไข้หวัด 2009 ให้เข้าใจและเมื่อเจออาการที่คล้ายว่าจะเป็นไข้หวัด 2009 ก็ควรจะรีบพบแพทย์โดยด่วนที่สุด

WHO supports fair access to influenza A (H1N12009) vaccine. An interview with Marie-Paule Kieny

2009-09-06T22:44:00.000-07:00

WHO/L Solberg
Dr Marie-Paule Kieny

Dr Marie-Paule Kieny is director of the Initiative for Vaccine Research at the World Health Organization (WHO). She received a degree in Economics in 1977, followed by a PhD in microbiology in 1980, both from the University of Montpellier in France. Her research career began with the development of a recombinant rabies vaccine. Since then, she has worked on the design of AIDS vaccine candidates and done research on cancer immuno-gene therapy, targeting mainly breast and cervical cancers. She has also served on several expert committees on vaccine discovery, AIDS and cancer research.

The vast majority of cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) have been mild so far with few deaths. It remains to be seen whether the virus will mutate into a more virulent strain. Marie-Paule Kieny explains how WHO is supporting countries’ efforts to protect their populations with vaccines that should become available as of this month.

Q: When will the first doses of vaccine for the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) be ready?

A: Some manufacturers announced in July that vaccine is available, but that doesn’t mean it’s ready for use, as it needs regulatory approval. Regulatory authorities are considering the best way to register these vaccines as quickly as possible. The consensus is that the first doses will be available to governments for use in September.

Q: Who will get vaccinated first? Who decides this?

A: Vaccine will not be available on the private market and governments will decide who gets vaccinated first. WHO recommends that health workers be the first, to protect the health system and allow them to care for influenza and other patients. The strategy a country takes will depend on its policy objectives and the availability of vaccine. For example, if a country decides to concentrate on protecting essential infrastructure, it may target different people, such as truck drivers, if they are critical for food delivery. Others may try to reduce transmission of the virus. For example, the United States of America decided to immunize children before or at school entry who are in closer physical contact than adults and can amplify infection rates. Countries may also try to reduce morbidity and mortality and target specific groups, such as pregnant women. Some high-income countries have ordered enough vaccine for the whole population. Nevertheless, no countries will have vaccine for everyone from the first day it is available for use, so that each country will need to prioritize. Some middle-income countries have also placed contracts with pharmaceutical companies and have been purchasing vaccine for between 1% and 10–20% of the population. WHO is working hard with manufacturers, governments and donors to ensure that developing countries can access vaccine as soon as possible to immunize their health workers, and when more vaccine becomes available, other groups will be immunized.

Q: How are influenza vaccines produced?

A: The main method is by injecting seed virus into embryonic chicken eggs and harvesting the fluid after several days and purifying it. There are two technologies. More than 90% of influenza vaccines available are known as “inactivated vaccines”, which means you kill the virus to produce the vaccine. Less common are “live attenuated vaccines”, which are derived from a weakened form of the virus that is not killed.

Q: How many different vaccine candidates will be available for A (H1N1)?

A: About 30. Most will be inactivated virus vaccines made in eggs, some will be killed virus vaccines made in cell cultures and a few will be live attenuated virus vaccines. Then you have a lot of variation in the way vaccine is purified and in whether or not it is mixed with an additive, called an adjuvant, which is a booster of immunogenicity (which is the capacity of a vaccine to evoke an immune response) and which is used with killed virus vaccine. All vaccines create antibodies to fight the virus; some will produce a local response, such as attenuated vaccine administered in the nose to give more immunity at the port of entry of the virus. The industry will use tiered pricing, so high-income countries might pay between US$ 10–20 per dose, middle-income countries may pay about half that and low-income half that price again. These are ballpark figures but this is the order of magnitude.

Q: Isn’t it too early to produce vaccines because the pandemic virus could mutate?

A: Although the virus can mutate, we hope that there will be enough cross-protection through recognition of the new virus. But if the virus changes too much, we will need new vaccines.

Q: WHO has recommended the use of adjuvant in pandemic vaccines, but some countries don’t plan to follow this guidance.

A: Many countries, including the USA, have not licensed vaccines with adjuvants of any kind yet. Other vaccines with the same type of adjuvant as planned for pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccines have, however, been licensed in European countries. Countries that intend to use vaccine with adjuvant will find that there is a large body of safety data for adults and some for children. In any case, all countries will need to carry out good post-marketing surveillance to make sure that they pick up any early sign of a safety problem with a particular vaccine.

Q: These must be the fastest vaccines ever produced. Given their fast-tracking, what is the guarantee of safety and efficacy?

A: The testing of influenza vaccines is different from that of other vaccines, because the rabies and measles vaccines for example do not change. Since influenza viruses evolve constantly, it is impossible to carry out a complete clinical analysis of seasonal influenza vaccines yearly because the composition changes each year to adapt to the virus and so you are always a year behind. A complete clinical evaluation is not needed also because manufacturers produce seasonal influenza vaccines using the same procedure and equipment, but for a different virus each year. In the USA, vaccines for seasonal influenza are licensed without clinical trials on the basis of a “strain change”. The US regulatory authorities consider the change from seasonal to pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine production (using the same procedure) as a change in the strain and therefore will not request clinical trials before registration. Having said that, all manufacturers will perform clinical trials to find out whether one or two doses are necessary, to test it in special populations and to administer it jointly with other vaccines. In Europe, a strain change is accompanied by a small clinical trial requested by the European Medicines Agency. In the last couple of years, manufacturers in the European Union registered “mock-up” or prototype H5N1 bird flu vaccines as nobody knows which H5N1 strain might become a pandemic strain. Manufacturers made clinical batches of an H5N1 vaccine with virus stocks from China, Indonesia and Viet Nam. They carried out clinical trials and submitted the results to the regulatory authorities who said the vaccines were fine. They are not allowed to sell H5N1 vaccines, since there is no H5N1 pandemic, but they can use the same procedure to make H1N1 pandemic vaccine. That way they can get a licence in a few days. This is another way vaccines can be licensed without clinical trials, while still ensuring safety on the basis of what is known about influenza vaccines. Based on the extensive knowledge available on seasonal vaccines and the results obtained through evaluation of H5N1 avian influenza vaccines, there is no doubt that it will be possible to make effective H1N1 pandemic vaccines.

Q: What’s been done to ensure that developing countries get enough vaccine?

A: It depends on what we mean by “enough”. Some countries want to vaccinate every member of the population, but there is no way we can do this for the whole world. WHO has a cross-organizational operation that is in place to secure vaccines for developing countries. This is spearheaded by the Director-General’s Office and the legal and vaccine departments. We are engaged in three types of activities. The first is to negotiate donations with manufacturers. Two have been announced: 100 million doses by sanofi-aventis and 50 million doses from GlaxoSmithKline. Second, we are working with other manufacturers to reserve a portion of their vaccine production for WHO at a reduced price. Third, we are working with governments to raise funds to purchase vaccines. We are also working with 11 vaccine manufacturers based in developing countries, providing them with seed financing and technical expertise to help them produce influenza vaccine domestically. We have also helped them access technology and given them sub-licences to use technology for producing live attenuated vaccine. These 11 companies will be manufacturing some of the 30 different expected vaccines.

Q: What happens if developing countries have only partial coverage?

A: Coverage will be partial and not only in developing countries. But we should not be “hypnotized” by vaccines. There are other measures, such as social distancing, school closure, avoidance of large gatherings, antibiotics and personal hygiene. This is not like rabies, which is 100% fatal: we are talking about a disease from which most people recover very well. We will try to help countries to gain access to as much vaccine as possible, at least to preserve their health systems functioning, but there is just not enough vaccine for every country in the world to vaccinate every member of the population twice.

credit: who.int

What is the new influenza A(H1N12009)?

2009-08-21T21:22:00.000-07:00

What is the new influenza A(H1N1)?
This is a new influenza A(H1N12009) virus that has never before circulated among humans. This virus is not related to previous or current human seasonal influenza viruses.

How do people become infected with the virus?
The virus is spread from person-to-person. It is transmitted as easily as the normal seasonal flu and can be passed to other people by exposure to infected droplets expelled by coughing or sneezing that can be inhaled, or that can contaminate hands or surfaces.

To prevent spread, people who are ill should cover their mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, stay home when they are unwell, clean their hands regularly, and keep some distance from healthy people, as much as possible.

There are no known instances of people getting infected by exposure to pigs or other animals.

The place of origin of the virus is unknown.

What are the signs and symptoms of infection?
Signs of influenza A(H1N12009) are flu-like, including fever, cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, sore throat and runny nose, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhoea.

Why are we so worried about this flu when hundreds of thousands die every year from seasonal epidemics?
Seasonal influenza occurs every year and the viruses change each year - but many people have some immunity to the circulating virus which helps limit infections. Some countries also use seasonal influenza vaccines to reduce illness and deaths.

But influenza A(H1N12009) is a new virus and one to which most people have no or little immunity and, therefore, this virus could cause more infections than are seen with seasonal flu. WHO is working closely with manufacturers to expedite the development of a safe and effective vaccine but it will be some months before it is available.

The new influenza A(H1N12009) appears to be as contagious as seasonal influenza, and is spreading fast particularly among young people (from ages 10 to 45). The severity of the disease ranges from very mild symptoms to severe illnesses that can result in death. The majority of people who contract the virus experience the milder disease and recover without antiviral treatment or medical care. Of the more serious cases, more than half of hospitalized people had underlying health conditions or weak immune systems.

Most people experience mild illness and recover at home. When should someone seek medical care?
A person should seek medical care if they experience shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, or if a fever continues more than three days. For parents with a young child who is ill, seek medical care if a child has fast or labored breathing, continuing fever or convulsions (seizures).

Supportive care at home - resting, drinking plenty of fluids and using a pain reliever for aches - is adequate for recovery in most cases. (A non-aspirin pain reliever should be used by children and young adults because of the risk of Reye's syndrome.)

credit: who.int

Questions & Answers:Novel H1N12009 Flu (Swine Flu) and You

2009-08-10T19:34:00.000-07:00

Novel H1N1 Flu

What is novel H1N1 (swine flu)?
Novel H1N1 (referred to as “swine flu” early on) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. This new virus was first detected in people in the United States in April 2009. This virus is spreading from person-to-person worldwide, probably in much the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread. On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) signaled that a pandemic of novel H1N1 flu was underway.

Why is novel H1N1 virus sometimes called “swine flu”?
This virus was originally referred to as “swine flu” because laboratory testing showed that many of the genes in this new virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs (swine) in North America. But further study has shown that this new virus is very different from what normally circulates in North American pigs. It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and bird (avian) genes and human genes. Scientists call this a "quadruple reassortant" virus.

Novel H1N12009 Flu in Humans
Are there human infections with novel H1N1 virus in the U.S.?
Yes. Human infections with the new H1N1 virus are ongoing in the United States. Most people who have become ill with this new virus have recovered without requiring medical treatment.
CDC routinely works with states to collect, compile and analyze information about influenza, and has done the same for the new H1N1 virus since the beginning of the outbreak. This information is presented in a weekly report, called FluView.

Is novel H1N12009 virus contagious?
CDC has determined that novel H1N1 virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human.

How does novel H1N12009 virus spread?
Spread of novel H1N1 virus is thought to occur in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with influenza. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something – such as a surface or object – with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.

What are the signs and symptoms of this virus in people?
The symptoms of novel H1N1 flu virus in people include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. A significant number of people who have been infected with this virus also have reported diarrhea and vomiting. Severe illnesses and death has occurred as a result of illness associated with this virus.

How severe is illness associated with novel H1N12009 flu virus?
Illness with the new H1N1 virus has ranged from mild to severe. While most people who have been sick have recovered without needing medical treatment, hospitalizations and deaths from infection with this virus have occurred.

In seasonal flu, certain people are at “high risk” of serious complications. This includes people 65 years and older, children younger than five years old, pregnant women, and people of any age with certain chronic medical conditions. About 70 percent of people who have been hospitalized with this novel H1N1 virus have had one or more medical conditions previously recognized as placing people at “high risk” of serious seasonal flu-related complications. This includes pregnancy, diabetes, heart disease, asthma and kidney disease.

One thing that appears to be different from seasonal influenza is that adults older than 64 years do not yet appear to be at increased risk of novel H1N1-related complications thus far. CDC laboratory studies have shown that children and few adults younger than 60 years old do not have existing antibody to novel H1N1 flu virus; however, about one-third of adults older than 60 may have antibodies against this virus. It is unknown how much, if any, protection may be afforded against novel H1N12009 flu by any existing antibody.

How does novel H1N12009 flu compare to seasonal flu in terms of its severity and infection rates?
With seasonal flu, we know that seasons vary in terms of timing, duration and severity. Seasonal influenza can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. Each year, in the United States, on average 36,000 people die from flu-related complications and more than 200,000 people are hospitalized from flu-related causes. Of those hospitalized, 20,000 are children younger than 5 years old. Over 90% of deaths and about 60 percent of hospitalization occur in people older than 65.

When the novel H1N1 outbreak was first detected in mid-April 2009, CDC began working with states to collect, compile and analyze information regarding the novel H1N1 flu outbreak, including the numbers of confirmed and probable cases and the ages of these people. The information analyzed by CDC supports the conclusion that novel H1N1 flu has caused greater disease burden in people younger than 25 years of age than older people. At this time, there are few cases and few deaths reported in people older than 64 years old, which is unusual when compared with seasonal flu. However, pregnancy and other previously recognized high risk medical conditions from seasonal influenza appear to be associated with increased risk of complications from this novel H1N12009. These underlying conditions include asthma, diabetes, suppressed immune systems, heart disease, kidney disease, neurocognitive and neuromuscular disorders and pregnancy.

How long can an infected person spread this virus to others?
People infected with seasonal and novel H1N12009 flu shed virus and may be able to infect others from 1 day before getting sick to 5 to 7 days after. This can be longer in some people, especially children and people with weakened immune systems and in people infected with the new H1N12009 virus.

credit:cdc.gov

Question and AnSwer : A H1N1 2009 Use of antiviral drugs against influenza A(H1N1)

2009-08-10T00:13:00.000-07:00

For what purposes can antiviral drugs be used against influenza A(H1N1)?
So far most people who have contracted the new A (H1N1) virus have experienced influenza-like symptoms (such as sore throat, cough, runny nose, fever, malaise, headache, joint/muscle pain) and recovered without antiviral treatment.

Antiviral drugs may reduce the symptoms and duration of illness, just as they do for seasonal influenza. They also may contribute to preventing severe disease and death. Influenza A (H1N1) is a new virus and only a small number of people with the infection have been treated for it with antiviral drugs. WHO is in touch with public health authorities and clinicians in affected countries and is gathering information about how effective the drugs are.

To which antiviral drugs does this influenza virus respond?
There are two classes of antiviral drugs for influenza: inhibitors of neuraminidase such as oseltamivir and zanamivir; and adamantanes, such as amantadine and rimantadine. Tests on viruses obtained from patients in Mexico and the United States have indicated that current new H1N1 viruses are sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors, but that the viruses are resistant to the other class, the adamantanes.

Could the virus become resistant to oseltamivir and zanamivir?
Resistance can develop to antiviral drugs used for influenza. Therefore, WHO and its partners are monitoring antiviral drug resistance.

Under what circumstances should antiviral drugs be administered?
Antiviral drugs are to be used according to national pandemic influenza preparedness plans. Public health authorities in some countries have decided to treat patients likely to have this disease as a part of public health measures.

Where antiviral drugs are available for treatment, clinicians should make decisions based on assessment of the individual patient's risk. Risks versus benefits should also be evaluated on a case by case basis.

Should I take an antiviral now just in case I catch the new virus?
No. You should only take an antiviral, such as oseltamivir or zanamivir, if your health care provider advises you to do so. Individuals should not buy medicines to prevent or fight this new influenza without a prescription, and they should exercise caution in buying antivirals over the internet.

Warning on purchase of antivirals without a prescription, including via the Internet [pdf 35kb]

What is WHO doing about getting antiviral drugs to countries as preparation for a pandemic?
WHO’s first priority is to provide an emergency stock of antiviral drugs to countries that have no or insufficient stock of the drugs and lack the capacity to procure these drugs themselves.

WHO is also working with Member States, donors and other groups that have stockpiles and are willing to share these with WHO for distribution to countries in need.

Which drug will be provided, and how much of it does WHO have available?
WHO had a global stockpile of approximately 5 million adult treatment courses of oseltamivir. Part of this stockpile has already been distributed through the WHO Regional Offices, which are handling allocation and distribution. WHO is currently distributing the remaining 3 million adult treatment courses of this stockpile to developing countries in need.

WHO continues to assess needs and to work with manufacturers to secure more donations of antivirals. More antiviral drugs will be distributed once these donations are received.

Which countries will receive the drug, and how will they be selected?
WHO has arranged the first deployment of antiviral drugs from the WHO stockpile to 72 countries. Priority was given to vulnerable countries, taking into consideration national manufacturing and procurement capacity. As necessary, other countries will be supported through regional office stockpiles.

What if the initial emergency deployment turns out to be inadequate?
WHO is in discussion with manufacturers regarding the potential need for scaling up production. It is WHO’s understanding that manufacturers have plans for producing large numbers of treatments quickly.

WHO will work on behalf of its Member States to secure further antivirals as needed, either through donations or purchase at the lowest possible price.

credit:who.int

Is it safe to travel?

2009-08-10T00:06:00.000-07:00

Is it safe to travel?
Yes. WHO is not recommending travel restrictions related to the outbreak of the influenza A(H1N1) virus. Today, global travel is commonplace and large numbers of people move around the world for business and leisure. Limiting travel and imposing travel restrictions would have very little effect on stopping the virus from spreading, but would be highly disruptive to the global community.

Influenza A(H1N12009) has already been confirmed in many parts of the world. The global response now focuses on minimizing the impact of the virus through the rapid identification of cases, and providing patients with appropriate medical care, rather than on stopping its spread internationally.

Although identifying signs and symptoms of influenza in travellers can help track the path of the outbreak, it will not reduce the spread of influenza, as the virus can be transmitted from person to person before the onset of symptoms.

Scientific research based on mathematical modelling shows that restricting travel would be of limited or no benefit in stopping the spread of disease. Historical records of previous influenza pandemics, as well as experience with SARS, validate this.

Does WHO recommend screenings at country entry and exit points to detect if ill people are travelling? No. We do not believe entry and exit screenings would work to reduce the spread of this disease. However country-level measures to respond to a public health risk are the decision of national authorities, under the International Health Regulations 2005.

Countries that adopt measures that significantly interfere with international traffic (e.g. delaying an airplane passenger for more than 24 hours, or refusing country entry or departure to a traveller) must provide WHO with the public health reasoning and evidence for their actions. WHO will follow up with all of its Member countries on such matters.

Travellers should always be treated with dignity and respect for their human rights.

How can I protect myself from influenza A(H1N1) when I am travelling?
People who are ill should delay travel plans. Returning travellers who become ill should contact their health care provider.

Travellers can protect themselves and others by following simple prevention practices that apply while travelling and in daily life.

credit:who.int

Pandemic influenza in pregnant women

2009-08-02T23:03:00.000-07:00

Pandemic H1N1 2009 briefing note 5
31 JULY 2009 | GENEVA -- Research conducted in the USA and published 29 July in The Lancet [1] has drawn attention to an increased risk of severe or fatal illness in pregnant women when infected with the H1N1 pandemic virus.

Several other countries experiencing widespread transmission of the pandemic virus have similarly reported an increased risk in pregnant women, particularly during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. An increased risk of fetal death or spontaneous abortions in infected women has also been reported.

Increased risk for pregnant women
Evidence from previous pandemics further supports the conclusion that pregnant women are at heightened risk.

While pregnant women are also at increased risk during epidemics of seasonal influenza, the risk takes on added importance in the current pandemic, which continues to affect a younger age group than that seen during seasonal epidemics.

WHO strongly recommends that, in areas where infection with the H1N1 virus is widespread, pregnant women, and the clinicians treating them, be alert to symptoms of influenza-like illness.

WHO recommendations for treatment
Treatment with the antiviral drug oseltamivir should be administered as soon as possible after symptom onset. As the benefits of oseltamivir are greatest when administered within 48 hours after symptom onset, clinicians should initiate treatment immediately and not wait for the results of laboratory tests.

While treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset brings the greatest benefits, later initiation of treatment may also be beneficial. Clinical benefits associated with oseltamivir treatment include a reduced risk of pneumonia (one of the most frequently reported causes of death in infected people) and a reduced need for hospitalization.

WHO has further recommended that, when pandemic vaccines become available, health authorities should consider making pregnant women a priority group for immunization.

Danger signs in all patients
Worldwide, the majority of patients infected with the pandemic virus continue to experience mild symptoms and recover fully within a week, even in the absence of any medical treatment. Monitoring of viruses from multiple outbreaks has detected no evidence of change in the ability of the virus to spread or to cause severe illness.

In addition to the enhanced risk documented in pregnant women, groups at increased risk of severe or fatal illness include people with underlying medical conditions, most notably chronic lung disease (including asthma), cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and immunosuppression. Some preliminary studies suggest that obesity, and especially extreme obesity, may be a risk factor for more severe disease.

Within this largely reassuring picture, a small number of otherwise healthy people, usually under the age of 50 years, experience very rapid progression to severe and often fatal illness, characterized by severe pneumonia that destroys the lung tissue, and the failure of multiple organs. No factors that can predict this pattern of severe disease have yet been identified, though studies are under way.

Clinicians, patients, and those providing home-based care need to be alert to danger signs that can signal progression to more severe disease. As progression can be very rapid, medical attention should be sought when any of the following danger signs appear in a person with confirmed or suspected H1N1 infection:

•shortness of breath, either during physical activity or while resting
•difficulty in breathing
•turning blue
•bloody or coloured sputum
•chest pain
•altered mental status
•high fever that persists beyond 3 days
•low blood pressure.
In children, danger signs include fast or difficult breathing, lack of alertness, difficulty in waking up, and little or no desire to play.

________________________________

[1] Jamiesan DG et al. H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection during pregnancy in the USA. Lancet 2009; published online July 29, 2009

credit:who.int

Drug-resistant super-flu threatens hospital patients

2009-07-27T04:43:00.000-07:00

A new drug-resistant 'super-flu' may pose a serious threat to high-risk patients, scientists have warned.

The H1N1 2009 'A' virus is a strain that causes common seasonal flu outbreaks. But it carries an altered gene that makes it resistant to the anti-viral drug oseltamivir.
Marketed as Tamiflu, the drug is one of the first lines of defence used to protect people most vulnerable to flu.
Doctors today reported on the emergence of Tamiflu-resistant flu in the Netherlands and US.

They fear it could seriously threaten hospital patients with weakened immune systems.
Two separate teams of researchers highlighted the danger in the Journal of the American Medical Association (Jama).
The Dutch group led by Dr Jairo Gooskens, from Leiden University Medical Centre, said the rapid spread of resistant H1N1 flu strains had been observed since January 2008.
Viruses with the gene mutation, labelled H274Y, were originally thought to be less virulent and less easily transmitted.
The Dutch researchers wrote: 'However, current widespread circulation of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1) viruses associated with typical influenza illnesses and viral pneumonia suggest that these viruses retain significant transmissibility and pathogenicity.'
Dr Gooskens' team identified four hospital patients with the resistant flu virus, and found they were most likely to have been infected in hospital.
Two patients were stem cell recipients and another was elderly. Three of those affected developed pneumonia and two died, all of whom had weakened immune systems.
Five health care workers also developed an influenza-like illness, but it was not possible to confirm whether they had picked up the virus.
The authors wrote: 'The study confirmed that circulating H274Y-mutated A (H1N1) viruses can retain significant pathogenicity and lethality, as shown in these elderly or immuno-compromised patients.. underlining the urgency for the introduction of new and effective antiviral agents and therapeutic strategies.'

The US team led by Dr Nila Dharan, from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, found that 12 per cent of influenza A (H1N1) viruses tested during the 2007-2008 flu season were resistant to Tamiflu.
But preliminary findings from the 2008-2009 season suggested much higher levels of Tamiflu resistance.
As of February 19 this year, resistant strains had been identified among 264 out of 268 - or 98.5 per cent - of influenza A (H1N1) viruses tested in the US.
The researchers examined data on 99 people infected with Tamiflu-resistant flu during the 2007-2008 influenza season. Five patients were hospitalised and four died.
'The emergency of oseltamivir resistance has highlighted the need for the development of new antiviral drugs and rapid diagnostic tests that determine viral subtype or resistance, as well as improved representativeness and timeliness of national influenza surveillance for anti-viral resistance,' the scientists wrote.

credit: dailymail.co.uk

Questions & Answers:Novel H1N1 2009 Influenza Vaccine

2009-07-23T06:51:00.000-07:00

Q. What are the plans for developing novel H1N12009 vaccine?

A. Vaccines are the most powerful public health tool for control of influenza, and the U.S. government is working closely with manufacturers to take steps in the process to manufacture a novel H1N1 vaccine. Working together with scientists in the public and private sector, CDC has isolated the new H1N1 virus and modified the virus so that it can be used to make hundreds of millions of doses of vaccine. Vaccine manufacturers are now using these materials to begin vaccine production. Making vaccine is a multi-step process which takes several months to complete. Candidate vaccines will be tested in clinical trials over the few months.

Q. When is it expected that the novel H1N1 vaccine will be available?

A. The novel H1N1 vaccine is expected to be available in the fall. More specific dates cannot be provided at this time as vaccine availability depends on several factors including manufacturing time and time needed to conduct clinical trials

Q. Will the seasonal flu vaccine also protect against the novel H1N12009 flu?
A. The seasonal flu vaccine is not expected to protect against the novel H1N1 flu.

Q. Can the seasonal vaccine and the novel H1N1 vaccine be given at the same time?
A. Clinical trial results will be necessary to confirm that novel H1N1 and seasonal vaccine will be safe and effective if given at the same time. We expect the seasonal vaccine to be available earlier than the H1N1 vaccine. The usual seasonal influenza viruses are still expected to cause illness this fall and winter. Individuals are encouraged to get their seasonal flu vaccine as soon as it is available.

Q. Who will be recommended as priority groups to receive the novel H1N12009 vaccine?

A. Based on what we're currently seeing with respect to the virus and epidemiologic data, states, communities, and health care providers should begin planning strategies for how they will vaccinate younger people (children and younger adults), pregnant women, healthcare personnel, and people who have underlying health conditions. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and other federal advisory bodies will continue to monitor the virus and review epidemiologic data over the summer. We'll be looking to the ACIP and other stakeholders, as well as the public, as we move forward in our planning. It is possible that vaccine priority groups will differ from earlier guidance as more data becomes available however it's very important for planning to continue based on information currently available.

Q. Where will the vaccine be available?

A. Every state is developing a vaccine delivery plan. Vaccine will be available in a combination of settings such as vaccination clinics organized by local health departments, healthcare provider offices, schools, and other private settings, such as pharmacies and workplaces.

Q. Are there other ways to prevent the spread of illness?

A. Take everyday actions to stay healthy.

•Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
•Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hands cleaners are also effective.
•Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread that way.
•Stay home if you get sick. CDC recommends that you stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them.

Follow public health advice regarding school closures, avoiding crowds and other social distancing measures. These measures will continue to be important after a novel H1N1 vaccine is available because they can prevent the spread of other viruses that cause respiratory infections.

Q. What about the use of antivirals to treat novel H1N12009 infection?

A. Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaled powder) that fight against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. This fall, antivirals may be prioritized for persons with severe illness or those at higher risk for flu complications.

credit:cdc.gov

Safe from H1N1 2009: Food Safety Is Paramount

2009-07-21T21:09:00.000-07:00

Stay Safe From The H1N12009: Food Safety Is Paramount

The standard USDA recommendations for food safety should be followed with even greater zeal during times of potential pandemic. To refresh everyone's memory, the guidelines are:

Clean: Always wash hands and surfaces that have come in contact with meat and poultry products before and after handling food.

Separate: Do not cross-contaminate. Keep raw meat, poultry, fish, and their juices away from other foods.

Cook: Using a food thermometer is the only sure way to know that meat and poultry have reached the proper temperature to inactivate bacteria and viruses.

Chill: Refrigerate or freeze all perishable food promptly.

However, there are some more practical tips that can help you stay safe from H1N1 or any other influenza type of virus, as well as other infectious agents. These tips are well worth paying close attention to and following religiously:

•Rare hamburgers should never be eaten. Ever!
•When dining at a buffet or potluck remember that you should never consume any type of perishable or refrigerated food that has been left at room temperature for a period of time which exceeds 2 hours. This time period decreases if it's warmer outside and becomes only an hour at 32 C / 90 F.
•One third of all people admit to eating pizza the next day that has spent the night at room temperature! Don't do it!
•With many supermarkets and delicatessens placing small samples of food out for tasting, most people don't realize that those tasty little nuggets have come into contact with the potentially contaminated fingers of countless other customers.
•There is a very easy rule for tartares, carpacci, sushi, sashimis, and raw shellfish: Don't eat them!
•Some dried or cured meats can harbour countless germs. Avoid them during times of potential pandemic.
•Who is the gourmet chef who decreed that duck at pricy restaurants should be served rare? He/she should be made to eat it! You should never attempt to eat any poultry unless all of its cooked juices are running clear and don't have a single trace of blood at all. Rare fowl, birds, or poultry of any kind is a one way express ticket to the morgue.
•Some old-world recipes such as Sauerbraten call for foods to be marinated at room temperature, some for as long as several days.
•Don't purchase produce with mould, bruises or cuts.
•Keep your foods fresh. Don't stock up at bulk stores.
Get a calibrated thermometer and use it whenever you're cooking
anything.

Egg casseroles: 160 F / 71 C
Egg sauces, custards: 160 F / 71 C
Beef, Veal, Lamb, Pork: 160 F / 71 C
Ham Fresh (raw): 160 F / 71 C
Ham Fully cooked (to reheat): 140 F / 60 C
Chicken, Turkey, Duck, Goose: 180 F / 82 C
Stuffing, cooked alone or in bird: 165 F / 74 C

When you're preparing egg dishes, like quiche or casseroles, make absolutely sure that the entire preparation reaches a minimum of 160 F / 71 C all the way through.

Remember: Runny poached eggs, sunnyside ups, Caesar salad and sabayons using eggs that are either raw or barely cooked are a direct conduit for H1N12009 into your system.

credit:hubpages.com

Safe from H1N1 2009: Public Toilets Can Kill

2009-07-20T21:21:00.000-07:00

In a pandemic situation great attention should be placed on avoiding the risk of H1N1 viral infection in schools, offices, public transportation and bathrooms: The places that are at very high risk.

H1N1 2009 can be present not only on public toilet seats but it may also be found on surfaces within the stall, on the toilet paper (especially if it's moist, which creates a nurturing environment for the health of the virus) and on the floor. In fact, H1N1 can be transmitted on virtually all bathroom surfaces.

It's a good idea to keep these tips in mind:

•Don't use a toilet that looks dirty or wet, or one that has not been flushed. If they're available, use a paper seat cover.
•There is always the option to not sit right down on a toilet seat. Try squatting without touching the seat.
•To avoid germs on the toilet's flush handle always use a piece of toilet paper to flush. I usually flush the toilet with my foot!
•Don't use toilet paper that's wet or looks like it has been wetted.
•Don't use toilet paper that's anywhere but on the roll fixture. Rolls sitting on the shelf or on top of the toilet may have been on the floor.
•The cleanest toilet paper is the one you bring with you. Failing that, the best are the type that is almost totally encased in a plastic or metal container protecting it from spray and splatter. If you have to use paper from less protected rolls, tear off the exposed paper and dispose of it.
•Avoid touching the soapscum that accumulates in a soap dish or on the sink. If there is nothing but a bar soap, use it anyway, but rinse off the bar very well before using it. It's definitely better to wash with bar soap than not to wash at all.
•Lather longer than you would with liquid soaps which are the best ones to use. The friction of handwashing will remove many of the germs from bar soap. Granular soaps require even longer handwashing as they generally don't lather as much.
•If there's no soap, rinse hands in hot water and rub your hands together as you do it. This helps rinse away contamination, but it's still no substitute for a good soapy wash!
•You should spend at least fifteen to twenty seconds washing your hands. A good rule of thumb is to hum the "Happy Birthday" song twice. That's about the right minimum amount of time to rub your hands.
•Don't touch your eyes, nose or mouth until you wash and dry your hands thoroughly. Keep a bottle of alcohol hand sanitizer with you at all times. It's by far the best option!
•Don't touch anything directly. Remember that only 15 percent of all people even bother wash their hands after they are finished using a public toilet! Yuck!

You should also avoid using hot-air-dryers. They claim that they are sanitary alternatives to paper towels
, but the only reason they are installed is because they are a cheaper alternative for the building management than the cost of buying, refilling and disposing of a mountain of paper towels. The reasons why most of these hot-air dryers are unsanitary is that pull their air but from the floor of the bathroom which is usually teeming with germs. Furthermore, most people don't stand there long enough to dry their hands thoroughly with the dryer, which can cause chapping, cracking and, hence, more chance of picking up an infection. Use a hot-air dryer only if you have absolutely no alternative. Or use toilet paper or your emergency supply of tissues.

Public bathrooms are definitely the place where you will confront the most concentrated sampling of germs, but it is not by any stretch of the imagination the only one. And wherever people are or have been, they have left their H1N12009 behind.

Public Toilets Can Kill

2009-07-20T21:09:00.000-07:00

In a pandemic situation great attention should be placed on avoiding the risk of H1N1 viral infection in schools, offices, public transportation and bathrooms: The places that are at very high risk.

H1N1 can be present not only on public toilet seats but it may also be found on surfaces within the stall, on the toilet paper (especially if it's moist, which creates a nurturing environment for the health of the virus) and on the floor. In fact, H1N1 can be transmitted on virtually all bathroom surfaces.

It's a good idea to keep these tips in mind:

•Don't use a toilet that looks dirty or wet, or one that has not been flushed. If they're available, use a paper seat cover.
•There is always the option to not sit right down on a toilet seat. Try squatting without touching the seat.
•To avoid germs on the toilet's flush handle always use a piece of toilet paper to flush. I usually flush the toilet with my foot!
•Don't use toilet paper that's wet or looks like it has been wetted.
•Don't use toilet paper that's anywhere but on the roll fixture. Rolls sitting on the shelf or on top of the toilet may have been on the floor.
•The cleanest toilet paper is the one you bring with you. Failing that, the best are the type that is almost totally encased in a plastic or metal container protecting it from spray and splatter. If you have to use paper from less protected rolls, tear off the exposed paper and dispose of it.
•Avoid touching the soapscum that accumulates in a soap dish or on the sink. If there is nothing but a bar soap, use it anyway, but rinse off the bar very well before using it. It's definitely better to wash with bar soap than not to wash at all.
•Lather longer than you would with liquid soaps which are the best ones to use. The friction of handwashing will remove many of the germs from bar soap. Granular soaps require even longer handwashing as they generally don't lather as much.
•If there's no soap, rinse hands in hot water and rub your hands together as you do it. This helps rinse away contamination, but it's still no substitute for a good soapy wash!
•You should spend at least fifteen to twenty seconds washing your hands. A good rule of thumb is to hum the "Happy Birthday" song twice. That's about the right minimum amount of time to rub your hands.
•Don't touch your eyes, nose or mouth until you wash and dry your hands thoroughly. Keep a bottle of alcohol hand sanitizer with you at all times. It's by far the best option!
•Don't touch anything directly. Remember that only 15 percent of all people even bother wash their hands after they are finished using a public toilet! Yuck!

You should also avoid using hot-air-dryers. They claim that they are sanitary alternatives to paper towels, but the only reason they are installed is because they are a cheaper alternative for the building management than the cost of buying, refilling and disposing of a mountain of paper towels. The reasons why most of these hot-air dryers are unsanitary is that pull their air but from the floor of the bathroom which is usually teeming with germs. Furthermore, most people don't stand there long enough to dry their hands thoroughly with the dryer, which can cause chapping, cracking and, hence, more chance of picking up an infection. Use a hot-air dryer only if you have absolutely no alternative. Or use toilet paper or your emergency supply of tissues.

Public bathrooms are definitely the place where you will confront the most concentrated sampling of germs, but it is not by any stretch of the imagination the only one. And wherever people are or have been, they have left their H1N1 behind.

สัญญาณเตือนภัย ไข้หวัด2009

2009-07-19T23:06:00.000-07:00

สัญญาณเตือนภัยไข้หวัด2009

ในเด็ก หากเด็กมีอาการหายใจเร็ว หรือหายใจลำบาก ผิวหนังเป็นจ้ำสีน้ำเงิน ดื่มน้ำน้อยไม่เพียงพอ ปลุกไม่ตื่น หรือไม่มีอาการตอบสนอง มีอาการงอแงไม่ยอมให้อุ้ม มีไข้เฉียบพลัน หรือมีอาหารหวัด ไออย่างรุนแรง หากมีอาการเหล่านี้ไม่ควรนิ่งนอนใจ ต้องรีบเข้ารับการรักษาทันที ในผู้ใหญ่ สัญญานเตือนภัยที่จะต้องรีบรักษาเช่นกันคือ อาการหายใจลำบาก หรือหายใจถี่ เจ็บ แน่นหน้าอกหรือช่องท้อง วิงเวียน หน้ามืด และอาเจียนอย่างรุนแรง หรืออาเจียนเป็นเลือด หากมีอาการเหล่านี้ต้องรีบรักษาอย่างเร่งด่วน

โอกาสในการรับเชื้อ ไข้หวัด 2009

การกระจายและการติดเชื้อของเชื้อไข้หวัด 2009มี 2 ทาง คือ
ทางแรก เกิดจาการสัมผัสกับหมูที่ติดเชื้อ หรือการอยู่ในสิ่งแวดล้อมที่ปนเปื้อนด้วยเชื้อไข้หวัด 2009

ทางที่สอง การเกิดจากสัมผัสระหว่างคนกับคนที่ติดเชื้อ การกระจายและติดเชื้อระหว่างคนสู่คนนั้นได้มีการมีบันทึกไว้ และ ถูกคาดการณ์ว่าจะเกิดขึ้นในช่วงฤดูที่มีไข้หวัดระบาด (Seasonal flu)

สาเหตุให้ที่จะทำให้เชื้อแพร่กระจายจากคนสู่คนถือการไอ หรือจาม ของผู้ติดเชื้อ

ข้อมูล : men.mthai.com

ไวรัส A H1N1

2009-07-19T23:04:00.000-07:00

มีลักษณะพันธุกรรมหรือยีน ที่ประกอบด้วยเชื้อไข้หวัดใหญ่ 3 สายพันธุ์รวมอยู่ด้วยกัน ได้แก่

เชื้อไข้หวัดใหญ่ในมนุษย์
เชื้อไข้หวัดนกที่พบในทวีปอเมริกาเหนือ และ
เชื้อไข้หวัดหมูที่พบบ่อยในทวีปยุโรปและเอเชีย

โดยมีการสันนิษฐานในเบื้องต้นว่า น่าจะเกิดจากการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางพันธุกรรม Antigenetic Shift โดยมีหมูเป็นพาหนะนำโรค โดยหมูได้ติดเชื้อ ไข้หวัดนก ไข้หวัดหมู และไข้หวัดใหญ่ต่อมาเซลล์ในตัวหมูถูกไวรัสตั้งแต่ 2 ชนิดขึ้นไปโจมตี ทำให้หน่วยพันธุกรรมไวรัสดังกล่าวผสมปนเปกันระหว่างการแบ่งตัว กลายเป็นเชื้อพันธุ์ใหม่ขึ้นมา

แต่ทว่า โรคไข้หวัด2009 จะตั้งต้นมากจากการติดเชื้อของหมู แต่การแพร่ระบาดของไข้หวัด2009เป็นการแพร่จากคนไปสู่คน ดังนั้นการบริโภคหมูจึงไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับการติดเชื้อแต่อย่างใด

ข้อมูล: chaoprayanews.com

ไข้หวัด 2009 จะรักษาอย่างไร?

2009-07-19T23:02:00.000-07:00

ยา ที่จะใช้รักษาอาการไข้หวัด 2009นั้น CDC แนะนำให้ใช้ตัวยา oseltamivir หรือ zanamivir

สำหรับการบำบัดรักษา การป้องกันเป็นอีกทางเลือกหนึ่งที่จะไม่ทำให้เกิดการติดเชื้อไวรัสนี้ ยาต้านไวรัส (Antivirus drug) ตามคำสั่งยาของแพทย์ไม่ว่าจะเป็นยาเม็ด ยาน้ำ หรือ ยาชนิดสูดดม ที่มีฤทธิ์ต้านหวัดช่วยได้โดยการป้องกันการเจริญและพิ่มจำนวนในร่างกาย (ยังคงมีไวสหลงเหลือในร่างกาย) ถ้าหากมีอาการป่วย ยาต้านไวรัสเหล่านี้สามารถทำให้อาการป่วยลดลงและสามารถทำให้รู้สึกดีขึ้น เร็วขึ้น และอาจใช้ป้องกันอาการหวัดที่รุนแรงได้ สำหรับการรักษานั้นยาต้านไวรัสทำงานได้ดีที่สุดถ้าใช้ตั้งแต่เริ่มมีอาการ ป่วย โดยเฉพาะในช่วงประมาณ 2 วันแรกที่มีอาการเหมือนเชื้อหวัด..ไม่มีวัคซีนในการรักษา อย่างไรก็ตามหากการกระทำใดๆในชีวิตประจำวันที่ผู้คนสามารถใช้ช่วยป้องกันการ แพร่กระจายของเชื้อจุลินทรีย์ซึ่งเป็นสาเหตุของโรคระบบทางเดินหายใจได้ก็ สามารถนำมาใช้ป้องกันเชื้อไข้หวัด 2009 นี้ได้

ข้อปฏิบัติเพื่อป้องกันไข้หวัด2009

2009-07-19T23:01:00.000-07:00

1. ใช้กระดาษทิชชูปิดจมูกและปากของคุณเมื่อไอ หรือจาม และทิ้งกระดาษทิชชูที่ใช้แล้วลงในถังขยะที่มีฝาปิดหลังการใช้ทันที

2. ล้างมือให้สะอาดด้วยน้ำและสบู่ หรือล้างด้วยผลิตภัณฑ์ที่มีส่วนผสมแอลกอฮอล์ (เช่นเจลล้างมือ) บ่อยๆ โดยเฉพาะหลังการไอ หรือ จาม

3. พยายามหลีกเลี่ยงการพบปะ และสัมผัสกับผู้ป่วย ถ้าหากป่วยเป็นหวัดควรหยุดพักอยู่บ้าน เพื่อจำกัดการพบปะผู้อื่น เพื่อป้องกันการแพร่เชื้อไปสู่ผู้อื่น

4. หลีกเลี่ยงการสัมผัสตา จมูก หรือ ปาก เพราะเชื้อโรคสามารถเข้าสู่ร่างกายทางอวัยวะเหล่านี้ได้

ไม่จำเป็นต้องเป็นกังวลกับการจัดเตรียมและรับประทานเนื้อหมู เชื้อไวรัสไข้หวัด 2009 นี้ไม่สามารถแพร่กระจายได้ทางอาหาร
การรับประทานเนื้อหมูที่ผ่านการเตรียมที่ดีและผ่านการปรุงสุกจะช่วยให้ มีความปลอดภัยจากเชื้อโรคไข้หวัด 2009

ข้อมูล : men.mthai.com